In-season temporal variability of soil carbon and nitrogen pools after half a century of a tillage and crop rotation gradient · Knowledge Library

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In-season temporal variability of soil carbon and nitrogen pools after half a century of a tillage and crop rotation gradient · Knowledge Library

Min C

↑ 6= 17

increase
reduced tillage (No-Till and Chisel Till variants) vs. Moldboard Plowsignificant · 0–20 cm · May-October2018 seasonal means · Hoytville · NoTill/Chisel practice variants; marginal54repeatedobservations,9plots perlevel,3blocks.
Numbers
- treatment 57.7 vs. control 36.7 mg kg-1 (+57.22 %) · 0–20 cm · No-Till
- treatment 44.5 vs. control 36.7 mg kg-1 (+21.25 %) · 0–20 cm · Chisel Till
Source · p. 3
“No-Till returning the highest values for these pools, followed by Chisel Till and Moldboard Plow with the lowest values”
Source · p. 4
“57.7±2.2 a”
Source · p. 4
“44.5±1.3 b”
Source · p. 4
“36.7±1.3 c”
increase
Chisel Till vs. Moldboard Plowsignificant · 0–20 cm · May-October2018 seasonal means · Wooster · Chisel also higher thanNoTill; useMoldboardreference, notduplicatealternatepair. 54repeatedobservations,9plots,3blocks.
Numbers
- treatment 64 vs. control 56.1 mg kg-1 (+14.08 %) · 0–20 cm
Source · p. 5
“Chisel Till had the highest mineralizable C values relative to Moldboard Plow and No-Till treatments”
Source · p. 4
“64.0±1.8 a”
Source · p. 4
“56.1±2.0 b”
increase
Corn-Forage-Forage vs. Continuous Cornsignificant · 0–20 cm · May-October2018 seasonal means · Hoytville · Wooster · Across tillages,54repeatedobservations,9plots,3blocks per marginal group.
Numbers
- treatment 52.3 vs. control 44 mg kg-1 (+18.86 %) · 0–20 cm · Hoytville
- treatment 67.1 vs. control 56.9 mg kg-1 (+17.93 %) · 0–20 cm · Wooster
Source · p. 9
“Corn-Forage-Forage, promoting the highest concentrations of these indicators”
Source · p. 4
“52.3±2.1 a”
Source · p. 4
“44.0±1.9 b”
Source · p. 4
“67.1±1.8 a”
Source · p. 4
“56.9±1.9 b”
increase
Corn-Forage-Forage vs. Corn-Soybeansignificant · 0–20 cm · May-October 2018 seasonal means · Hoytville · Wooster · Across tillages;54 repeated observations from9 plots,3 blocks. Wooster MinC rotation-by-date interaction: seasonal result does not assert significance in each month.
Numbers
- treatment 52.3 vs. control 42.6 mg kg-1 (+22.77 %) · 0–20 cm · Hoytville Min C
- treatment 67.1 vs. control 51.5 mg kg-1 (+30.29 %) · 0–20 cm · Wooster Min C
Source · p. 9
“Corn-Forage-Forage, promoting the highest concentrations of these indicators.”
Source · p. 5
“Corn-Forage-Forage returning higher values and Corn-Soybean returning lower values in most indicators”
increase
No-Till vs. Chisel Tillsignificant · 0–20 cm · May-October 2018 seasonal marginal means · Hoytville · Across rotations;54 repeated observations from9 plots,3 blocks. Explicit NT/Chisel ranking distinct from grouped variants versus MP.
Numbers
- treatment 57.7 vs. control 44.5 mg kg-1 (+29.66 %) · 0–20 cm
Source · p. 3
“No-Till returning the highest values for these pools, followed by Chisel Till and Moldboard Plow with the lowest values”
no effect
No-Till vs. Moldboard Plownot significant · 0–20 cm · May-October 2018 seasonal marginal means · Wooster · Wooster headline absence of NT benefit; Tukey MinC letters b/b.54 repeated observations from9 plots,3 blocks. Distinct from significant Chisel increase.
Numbers
- treatment 55.3 vs. control 56.1 mg kg-1 (-1.426 %) · 0–20 cm
Source · p. 9
“No-Till consistently increased soil C and N pools in the Hoytville clay loam, but not in the Wooster silt loam.”
Source · p. 4
“55.3±1.7 b”
Source · p. 4
“56.1±2.0 b”
increase
Chisel Till vs. No-Tillsignificant · 0–20 cm · May-October 2018 seasonal marginal means · Wooster · Across rotations;54 repeated observations from9 plots,3 blocks. Explicit Chisel/NT comparison, not stored by finding11's MP comparator.
Numbers
- treatment 64 vs. control 55.3 mg kg-1 (+15.73 %) · 0–20 cm
Source · p. 5
“Chisel Till had the highest mineralizable C values relative to Moldboard Plow and No-Till treatments”

ACE protein

↑ 5= 27

increase
reduced tillage (No-Till and Chisel Till variants) vs. Moldboard Plowsignificant · 0–20 cm · May-October2018 seasonal means · Hoytville · NoTill/Chisel merged variants; marginal54repeatedobservations,9plots,3blocks.
Numbers
- treatment 4.8 vs. control 3.8 g kg-1 (+26.32 %) · 0–20 cm · No-Till
- treatment 4.1 vs. control 3.8 g kg-1 (+7.895 %) · 0–20 cm · Chisel Till
Source · p. 3
“No-Till returning the highest values for these pools, followed by Chisel Till and Moldboard Plow with the lowest values”
Source · p. 4
“4.8±0.1 a”
Source · p. 4
“4.1±0.1 b”
Source · p. 4
“3.8±0.1 c”
no effect
No-Till vs. Moldboard Plowsignificance not stated · 0–20 cm · May-October2018 seasonal means · Wooster · Headline notill absence; no Table2proteinpairletters. 54repeatedobservations,9plots,3blocks.
Numbers
- treatment 4.9 vs. control 4.8 g kg-1 (+2.083 %) · 0–20 cm
Source · p. 9
“No-Till consistently increased soil C and N pools in the Hoytville clay loam, but not in the Wooster silt loam.”
Source · p. 4
“tillage only affected labile pools of mineralizable C and inorganic N”
no effect
Corn-Forage-Forage vs. Continuous Cornnot significant · 0–20 cm · May-October2018 seasonal means · Hoytville · Wooster · ExplicitACEprotein similarity, actualTable2botha;54repeatedobservations,9plots,3blocks. Generalabstractincrease requires differentCSreference.
Numbers
- treatment 4.5 vs. control 4.5 g kg-1 (0 %) · 0–20 cm · Hoytville
- treatment 5.3 vs. control 5.1 g kg-1 (+3.922 %) · 0–20 cm · Wooster
Source · p. 4
“Continuous Corn having values as high as Corn-Forage-Forage”
Source · p. 5
“ACE protein, and inorganic values were similar between Corn-Forage-Forage and Continuous Corn”
Source · p. 4
“5.3±0.1 a”
Source · p. 4
“5.1±0.1 a”
increase
Corn-Forage-Forage vs. Corn-Soybeansignificant · 0–20 cm · May-October2018 seasonal means · Hoytville · Wooster · CFFvsCS protein, necessary alternative reference because CCsimilarCFF.54repeatedobservations,9plots,3blocks.
Numbers
- treatment 4.5 vs. control 3.7 g kg-1 (+21.62 %) · 0–20 cm · Hoytville
- treatment 5.3 vs. control 4.4 g kg-1 (+20.45 %) · 0–20 cm · Wooster
Source · p. 5
“Corn-Forage-Forage returning higher values and Corn-Soybean returning lower values in most indicators”
Source · p. 4
“4.5±0.1 a”
Source · p. 4
“3.7±0.1 b”
Source · p. 4
“5.3±0.1 a”
Source · p. 4
“4.4±0.1 b”
increase
No-Till vs. Chisel Tillsignificant · 0–20 cm · May-October 2018 seasonal marginal means · Hoytville · Across rotations;54 repeated observations from9 plots,3 blocks. Explicit NT/Chisel ranking distinct from grouped variants versus MP.
Numbers
- treatment 4.8 vs. control 4.1 g kg-1 (+17.07 %) · 0–20 cm
Source · p. 3
“No-Till returning the highest values for these pools, followed by Chisel Till and Moldboard Plow with the lowest values”
increase
Continuous Corn vs. Corn-Soybeansignificant · 0–20 cm · May-October 2018 seasonal marginal means · Hoytville · Wooster · Across tillages;54 repeated observations from9 plots,3 blocks. Continuous Corn ACE protein as high as CFF and higher than Corn-Soybean, a distinct rotation result.
Numbers
- treatment 4.5 vs. control 3.7 g kg-1 (+21.62 %) · 0–20 cm · Hoytville ACE protein, CC/CS
- treatment 5.1 vs. control 4.4 g kg-1 (+15.91 %) · 0–20 cm · Wooster ACE protein, CC/CS
Source · p. 4
“Continuous Corn having values as high as Corn-Forage-Forage.”
Source · p. 5
“Corn-Forage-Forage returning higher values and Corn-Soybean returning lower values in most indicators”
increase
Chisel Till vs. Moldboard Plowsignificant · 0–20 cm · July 2018, V10 · Wooster · Explicit July-only Chisel/MP ACE protein effect. Across crop rotations,3 blocks. Fig3 a/b; no chart-derived means.
Source · p. 5
“Chisel Till promoted higher values of SOC, POXC, TN, and protein compared to Moldboard Plow only the month of July.”

SOC

↑ 5= 16

increase
reduced tillage (No-Till and Chisel Till variants) vs. Moldboard Plowsignificant · 0–20 cm · May-October2018, seasonal marginal means · Hoytville · NoTill andChisel merged practice variants, separately observed. Marginal n54=6dates×3rotations×3blocks, not54independent plots; actual independent blocks3. False text NTlowestJuly rejected againstFig1.
Numbers
- treatment 22.3 vs. control 18 g kg-1 (+23.89 %) · 0–20 cm · No-Till
- treatment 19.2 vs. control 18 g kg-1 (+6.667 %) · 0–20 cm · Chisel Till
Source · p. 3
“No-Till returning the highest values for these pools, followed by Chisel Till and Moldboard Plow with the lowest values”
Source · p. 4
“Hoytville No-Till: 22.3±0.4 a”
Source · p. 4
“Hoytville Chisel Till: 19.2±0.3 b”
Source · p. 4
“Hoytville Moldboard Plow: 18.0±0.3 c”
no effect
No-Till vs. Moldboard Plowsignificance not stated · 0–20 cm · May-October2018 seasonal means · Wooster · Headline notill absence atWooster; no Table2pairletters forSOC, no omnibusnull copied. 54repeatedobservations from9plots/3blocks.
Numbers
- treatment 13.6 vs. control 13.4 g kg-1 (+1.493 %) · 0–20 cm
Source · p. 9
“No-Till consistently increased soil C and N pools in the Hoytville clay loam, but not in the Wooster silt loam.”
Source · p. 4
“tillage only affected labile pools of mineralizable C and inorganic N”
increase
Corn-Forage-Forage vs. Continuous Cornsignificant · 0–20 cm · May-October2018 seasonal means · Hoytville · Wooster · CFFvsContinuousCorn, pooled across tillage; site-specific means. CFFalso higher thanCornSoybean. n54repeatedobservations,9plots,3blocks per marginal group.
Numbers
- treatment 21.2 vs. control 19.7 g kg-1 (+7.614 %) · 0–20 cm · Hoytville
- treatment 14.9 vs. control 13.9 g kg-1 (+7.194 %) · 0–20 cm · Wooster
Source · p. 9
“Crop rotational diversity had a large and consistent effect on C and N pools at both sites and across the growing season, with the most diversified rotation, Corn-Forage-Forage, promoting the highest concentrations of these indicators.”
Source · p. 4
“Hoytville Corn-Forage-Forage: 21.2±0.3 a”
Source · p. 4
“Wooster Corn-Forage-Forage: 14.9±0.2 a”
increase
Corn-Forage-Forage vs. Corn-Soybeansignificant · 0–20 cm · May-October 2018 seasonal means · Hoytville · Wooster · Crop rotation marginal means over tillages. Printed n54 comprises6 dates x3 tillages x3 blocks, repeated observations from9 plots per rotation, not54 independent replicates.
Numbers
- treatment 21.2 vs. control 18.5 g kg-1 (+14.59 %) · 0–20 cm · Hoytville SOC
- treatment 14.9 vs. control 12.6 g kg-1 (+18.25 %) · 0–20 cm · Wooster SOC
Source · p. 9
“Crop rotational diversity had a large and consistent effect on C and N pools at both sites and across the growing season, with the most diversified rotation, Corn-Forage-Forage, promoting the highest concentrations of these indicators.”
increase
No-Till vs. Chisel Tillsignificant · 0–20 cm · May-October 2018 seasonal marginal means · Hoytville · Explicit tillage ranking, NT versus Chisel.54 repeated observations per marginal group from9 plots,3 blocks. Across rotations; not every conditional pair. Correct Table2/Fig1 direction overrides erroneous July-lowest prose.
Numbers
- treatment 22.3 vs. control 19.2 g kg-1 (+16.15 %) · 0–20 cm
Source · p. 3
“No-Till returning the highest values for these pools, followed by Chisel Till and Moldboard Plow with the lowest values”
increase
Chisel Till vs. Moldboard Plowsignificant · 0–20 cm · July 2018, V10 · Wooster · Explicit July-only Chisel/MP SOC effect. Across crop rotations,3 blocks. Fig3 a/b; no chart-derived numerical means or inference about NT.
Source · p. 5
“Chisel Till promoted higher values of SOC, POXC, TN, and protein compared to Moldboard Plow only the month of July.”

POXC

↑ 5= 16

increase
No-Till vs. Moldboard Plowsignificant · 0–20 cm · May-October2018 seasonal means · Hoytville · Marginal54observations from9plots repeatedly sampled; pairalpha.05, not omnibus.01.
Numbers
- treatment 635.2 vs. control 594.7 mg kg-1 (+6.81 %) · 0–20 cm
Source · p. 9
“Significantly higher levels of SOC, POXC, TN, and ACE protein found in the Hoytville clay loam soils under No-Till”
Source · p. 4
“635.2±10.7 a”
Source · p. 4
“594.7±7.6 b”
no effect
No-Till vs. Moldboard Plowsignificance not stated · 0–20 cm · May-October2018 seasonal means · Wooster · Headline notill absence; no Table2POXCpairletters. 54repeatedobservations,9plots,3blocks.
Numbers
- treatment 445.9 vs. control 444.3 mg kg-1 (+0.3601 %) · 0–20 cm
Source · p. 9
“No-Till consistently increased soil C and N pools in the Hoytville clay loam, but not in the Wooster silt loam.”
Source · p. 4
“tillage only affected labile pools of mineralizable C and inorganic N”
increase
Corn-Forage-Forage vs. Continuous Cornsignificant · 0–20 cm · May-October2018 seasonal means · Hoytville · Wooster · Across tillages,54repeatedobservations per marginal group,9plots,3blocks.
Numbers
- treatment 649.1 vs. control 605.9 mg kg-1 (+7.13 %) · 0–20 cm · Hoytville
- treatment 493.2 vs. control 445.4 mg kg-1 (+10.73 %) · 0–20 cm · Wooster
Source · p. 9
“Corn-Forage-Forage, promoting the highest concentrations of these indicators”
Source · p. 4
“649.1±8.7 a”
Source · p. 4
“605.9±8.8 b”
Source · p. 4
“493.2±9.9 a”
Source · p. 4
“445.4±10.4 b”
increase
Corn-Forage-Forage vs. Corn-Soybeansignificant · 0–20 cm · May-October 2018 seasonal means · Hoytville · Wooster · Across tillages;54 repeated observations per marginal group from9 plots,3 blocks.
Numbers
- treatment 649.1 vs. control 576.3 mg kg-1 (+12.63 %) · 0–20 cm · Hoytville POXC
- treatment 493.2 vs. control 420.2 mg kg-1 (+17.37 %) · 0–20 cm · Wooster POXC
Source · p. 9
“Corn-Forage-Forage, promoting the highest concentrations of these indicators.”
Source · p. 5
“Corn-Forage-Forage returning higher values and Corn-Soybean returning lower values in most indicators”
increase
No-Till vs. Chisel Tillsignificant · 0–20 cm · May-October 2018 seasonal marginal means · Hoytville · Across rotations;54 repeated observations from9 plots,3 blocks. NT/Chisel POXC pair a/b.
Numbers
- treatment 635.2 vs. control 601.3 mg kg-1 (+5.638 %) · 0–20 cm
Source · p. 3
“No-Till returning the highest values for these pools, followed by Chisel Till and Moldboard Plow with the lowest values”
Source · p. 9
“Significantly higher levels of SOC, POXC, TN, and ACE protein found in the Hoytville clay loam soils under No-Till”
increase
Chisel Till vs. Moldboard Plowsignificant · 0–20 cm · July 2018, V10 · Wooster · Explicit July-only Chisel/MP POXC effect. Across crop rotations,3 blocks. Fig3 a/b; no chart-derived numerical means.
Source · p. 5
“Chisel Till promoted higher values of SOC, POXC, TN, and protein compared to Moldboard Plow only the month of July.”

inorganic N

↑ 3↓ 25

increase
No-Till vs. Moldboard Plowsignificant · 0–20 cm · May-October2018 seasonal means · Hoytville · 54repeatedobservations,9plots,3blocks. Rawmeans/SE, tests onlogN.
Numbers
- treatment 32.4 vs. control 20.9 mg kg-1 (+55.02 %) · 0–20 cm
Source · p. 3
“No-Till returning the highest values for these pools”
Source · p. 4
“32.4±4.4 a”
Source · p. 4
“20.9±2.5 b”
decrease
No-Till vs. Moldboard Plowsignificant · 0–20 cm · May-October2018 seasonal means · Wooster · NTalso lower thanChisel; 54repeatedobservations,9plots,3blocks. Rawmeans,logNtests.
Numbers
- treatment 11.5 vs. control 27.3 mg kg-1 (-57.88 %) · 0–20 cm
Source · p. 5
“No-Till had lower inorganic N values than Moldboard Plow and Chisel Till”
Source · p. 4
“11.5±1.0 b”
Source · p. 4
“27.3±3.5 a”
increase
Corn-Forage-Forage vs. Continuous Cornsignificant · 0–20 cm · May-October2018 seasonal means · Hoytville · Wooster · RawNmeans/SE, logNtests;54repeatedobservations,9plots,3blocks per marginal group.
Numbers
- treatment 31.5 vs. control 23 mg kg-1 (+36.96 %) · 0–20 cm · Hoytville
- treatment 31.2 vs. control 12.9 mg kg-1 (+141.9 %) · 0–20 cm · Wooster
Source · p. 4
“For inorganic N, differences between rotation gradients were only seen in July where the Corn-Forage-Forage had higher values than Continuous Corn.”
Source · p. 5
“Continuous Corn and Corn- Soybean both had the overall lowest values”
Source · p. 4
“31.5±4.2 a”
Source · p. 4
“23.0±2.4 b”
Source · p. 4
“31.2±3.6 a”
Source · p. 4
“12.9±1.3 b”
increase
Corn-Forage-Forage vs. Corn-Soybeansignificant · 0–20 cm · May-October 2018 seasonal means · Hoytville · Wooster · Across tillages;54 repeated observations from9 plots,3 blocks. Raw means and SE, pair tests on log-transformed inorganic N.
Numbers
- treatment 31.5 vs. control 23.5 mg kg-1 (+34.04 %) · 0–20 cm · Hoytville inorganic N
- treatment 31.2 vs. control 18.5 mg kg-1 (+68.65 %) · 0–20 cm · Wooster inorganic N
Source · p. 9
“Corn-Forage-Forage, promoting the highest concentrations of these indicators.”
Source · p. 5
“Continuous Corn and Corn- Soybean both had the overall lowest values”
decrease
No-Till vs. Chisel Tillsignificant · 0–20 cm · May-October 2018 seasonal marginal means · Wooster · Across rotations;54 repeated observations from9 plots,3 blocks. Raw inorganic N means and SE; Tukey tests on log-transformed N. Explicit NT/Chisel pair beyond finding12 MP reference.
Numbers
- treatment 11.5 vs. control 23.9 mg kg-1 (-51.88 %) · 0–20 cm
Source · p. 5
“No-Till had lower inorganic N values than Moldboard Plow and Chisel Till”

Sites

Hoytville

Location: Northwest Agricultural Research Station, Hoytville, Ohio, United States41.22° N, 83.76° W
Climate: 10.6 °C mean annual temperature826 mm annual precipitation
Soil: Epiaqualfs (Fine, illitic, mesic, Mollic) · USDA
Land use: corn and crop rotationsArable land
Management on the whole site: urea fertilizer

Soil layers
Depth	Texture	Clay	pH	Organic C	Bulk density
site soil (characterization depth not stated)	clay loam	35 % (from g/kg)	6.5	21 g/kg	–

Wooster

Location: Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio, United States40.76° N, 81.91° W
Climate: 10.6 °C mean annual temperature1,132 mm annual precipitation
Soil: Fragiudalfs (Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic, Typic) · USDA
Land use: corn and crop rotationsArable land
Management on the whole site: urea fertilizer

Soil layers
Depth	Texture	Clay	pH	Organic C	Bulk density
site soil (characterization depth not stated)	silt loam	14 % (from g/kg)	6.3	18 g/kg	–