Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice · 2025
Dynamics of productive moisture reserves in grain crop rotation under various soil tillage systems in Forest-Step conditions
Ptashnik, M., Zaiats, P., Remeniuk, Y., Usta, V.
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Dynamics of productive moisture reserves in grain crop rotat…
Abstract
Aim. To investigate the features of the formation of productive moisture reserves and productivity of grain crop rotation crops depending on the main tillage systems in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, statistical, laboratory. Results. It was established that the tillage system is a determining factor in the formation of the soil water regime and the level of crop yield of crop rotation crops. The highest corn grain yield of 8.89 t/ha was obtained with chisel tillage in an adaptive system using the by-products of the predecessor as fertilizer and applying integrated crop protection. Spring barley, winter wheat and oats were less demanding on the method of tillage, but annual surface disking in the crop rotation structure was ineffective. In millet crops, the adaptive system with plowing at 22–24 cm provided an increase in crop yield compared to surface, flat-cut and shallow disk cultivation by 0.92 t/ha, 0.48 and 0.58 t/ha, respectively. The reserves of productive moisture in the upper (0–10 and 10–30 cm) soil layers increased under shallow and surface disk cultivation, while in the subsoil layer (30–60 cm) the maximum reserves were observed under the adaptive system (50.3 mm) and disk single-depth cultivation (50.9 mm) in crop rotation. In deep layers (60–100 cm) the distribution of moisture was determined by the crop and its productivity. In terms of crop rotation crops, the highest reserves of productive moisture in the meter layer were recorded in soybean crops with chiseling at 40–42 cm – 212.7 mm, which exceeded the indicator for plowing (control) by 12.6 mm. Conclusions. In conditions of increasing aridity of the climate, the effectiveness of basic tillage systems is determined by their ability to ensure the accumulation and preservation of productive moisture. An adaptive tillage system contributes to better moistening of subsoil layers and the formation of higher yields of crop rotation crops, while surface disk tillage should be used only occasionally in crop rotation, in particular for less demanding crops.
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Aim. To investigate the features of the formation of productive moisture reserves and productivity of grain crop rotation crops depending on the main tillage systems in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, statistical, laboratory. Results. It was established that the tillage system is a determining factor in the formation of the soil water regime and the level of crop yield of crop rotation crops. The highest corn grain yield of 8.89 t/ha was obtained with chisel tillage in an adaptive system using the by-products of the predecessor as fertilizer and applying integrated crop protection. Spring barley, winter wheat and oats were less demanding on the method of tillage, but annual surface disking in the crop rotation structure was ineffective. In millet crops, the adaptive system with plowing at 22–24 cm provided an increase in crop yield compared to surface, flat-cut and shallow disk cultivation by 0.92 t/ha, 0.48 and 0.58 t/ha, respectively. The reserves of productive moisture in the upper (0–10 and 10–30 cm) soil layers increased under shallow and surface disk cultivation, while in the subsoil layer (30–60 cm) the maximum reserves were observed under the adaptive system (50.3 mm) and disk single-depth cultivation (50.9 mm) in crop rotation. In deep layers (60–100 cm) the distribution of moisture was determined by the crop and its productivity. In terms of crop rotation crops, the highest reserves of productive moisture in the meter layer were recorded in soybean crops with chiseling at 40–42 cm – 212.7 mm, which exceeded the indicator for plowing (control) by 12.6 mm. Conclusions. In conditions of increasing aridity of the climate, the effectiveness of basic tillage systems is determined by their ability to ensure the accumulation and preservation of productive moisture. An adaptive tillage system contributes to better moistening of subsoil layers and the formation of higher yields of crop rotation crops, while surface disk tillage should be used only occasionally in crop rotation, in particular for less demanding crops.
Aim. To investigate the features of the formation of productive moisture reserves and productivity of grain crop rotation crops depending on the main tillage systems in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, statistical, laboratory. Results. It was established that the tillage system is a determining factor in the formation of the soil water regime and the level of crop yield of crop rotation crops. The highest corn grain yield of 8.89 t/ha was obtained with chisel tillage in an adaptive system using the by-products of the predecessor as fertilizer and applying integrated crop protection. Spring barley, winter wheat and oats were less demanding on the method of tillage, but annual surface disking in the crop rotation structure was ineffective. In millet crops, the adaptive system with plowing at 22–24 cm provided an increase in crop yield compared to surface, flat-cut and shallow disk cultivation by 0.92 t/ha, 0.48 and 0.58 t/ha, respectively. The reserves of productive moisture in the upper (0–10 and 10–30 cm) soil layers increased under shallow and surface disk cultivation, while in the subsoil layer (30–60 cm) the maximum reserves were observed under the adaptive system (50.3 mm) and disk single-depth cultivation (50.9 mm) in crop rotation. In deep layers (60–100 cm) the distribution of moisture was determined by the crop and its productivity. In terms of crop rotation crops, the highest reserves of productive moisture in the meter layer were recorded in soybean crops with chiseling at 40–42 cm – 212.7 mm, which exceeded the indicator for plowing (control) by 12.6 mm. Conclusions. In conditions of increasing aridity of the climate, the effectiveness of basic tillage systems is determined by their ability to ensure the accumulation and preservation of productive moisture. An adaptive tillage system contributes to better moistening of subsoil layers and the formation of higher yields of crop rotation crops, while surface disk tillage should be used only occasionally in crop rotation, in particular for less demanding crops.