Plant, Soil and Environment · 2019
Effects of subsoiling stage on summer maize water use efficiency and yield in North China Plains
Zhou, P., Wang, S., Guo, L., Shen, Y., Han, H., Ning, T.
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Effects of subsoiling stage on summer maize water use effici…
Abstract
No abstract in the library.
Findings
What changed what, as the paper reports it. Grouped by the measured property. The largest groups are open; open the others as you need them.
soil bulk density
↑ 1↓ 3= 15
- decrease
subsoiling (ST-J and ST-O agreeing variants) vs. RTsignificant · 20–50 cm · 2017 maize maturity · Shandong province · 20-50 cm; both separately tested ST variants
Source · p. 3 “ST-J and ST-O are suitable tillage methods that can reduce soil bulk density.”
Source · p. 3 “Figure 1. Soil bulk density in 0–50 cm layer under tillage stage.”
- decrease
ST-O vs. RTsignificant · 10–50 cm · 2018 maize maturity · Shandong province · 10-50 cm; Figure1 distinct letters
Source · p. 3 “ST-J and ST-O are suitable tillage methods that can reduce soil bulk density.”
Source · p. 3 “Figure 1. Soil bulk density in 0–50 cm layer under tillage stage.”
- decrease
ST-J vs. RTsignificant · 10–30 cm · 2018 maize maturity · Shandong province · 10-30 cm; Figure1 distinct letters
Source · p. 3 “ST-J and ST-O are suitable tillage methods that can reduce soil bulk density.”
Source · p. 3 “Figure 1. Soil bulk density in 0–50 cm layer under tillage stage.”
- increase
ST-J vs. RTsignificant · 10–20 cm · 2017 maize maturity · Shandong province · 10-20 cm; ST-J a versus RT b, opposite to whole-profile summary
Source · p. 3 “Figure 1. Soil bulk density in 0–50 cm layer under tillage stage.”
- no effect
ST-J vs. ST-Onot significant · 0–50 cm · 2018 maize maturity · Shandong province · no difference averaged over 0-50 cm (p2-3); exception: 2018 at 20-30 cm ST-J significantly lower than ST-O (Fig 1)
Source · p. 2 “In 2018, the bulk density of ST-J was higher than that of ST-O, but the difference was”
Source · p. 3 “not significant.”
grain yield
↑ 22
- increase
subsoiling (ST-J and ST-O agreeing variants) vs. RTsignificant · 2017 and2018 · Shandong province · both separately tested variants; LSD .05
Numbers
- treatment 10.3 vs. control 10.02 t/ha (+2.794 %) · 2017 · ST-J
- treatment 10.96 vs. control 10.02 t/ha (+9.381 %) · 2017 · ST-O
- treatment 7.47 vs. control 7.25 t/ha (+3.034 %) · 2018 · ST-J
- treatment 8.27 vs. control 7.25 t/ha (+14.07 %) · 2018 · ST-O
Source · p. 4 “the yield difference of maize with different subsoiling treatments was obvious, ST-O > ST-J > RT”
- increase
ST-O vs. ST-Jsignificant · 2017 and2018 · Shandong province
Numbers
- treatment 10.96 vs. control 10.3 t/ha (+6.408 %) · 2017
- treatment 8.27 vs. control 7.47 t/ha (+10.71 %) · 2018
Source · p. 6 “the significantly lower yield of ST-J than of ST-O”
Ear number
↑ 1↓ 12
- increase
subsoiling (ST-J and ST-O agreeing variants) vs. RTsignificant · 2017 · Shandong province · Table2 overrides prose; both ST variants
Numbers
- treatment 5.76 vs. control 5.67 10^4 ear/ha (+1.587 %) · ST-J
- treatment 5.81 vs. control 5.67 10^4 ear/ha (+2.469 %) · ST-O
Source · p. 5 “2017 | ST-J | 5.76 b | 586.34 b | 302.26 b | 10.30 b”
Source · p. 5 “ST-O | 5.81 a | 618.06 a | 304.29 a | 10.96 a”
Source · p. 5 “RT | 5.67 c | 564.24 c | 302.52 b | 10.02 c”
- decrease
subsoiling (ST-J and ST-O agreeing variants) vs. RTsignificant · 2018 · Shandong province · Table2 overrides broad prose; both ST variants
Numbers
- treatment 5.75 vs. control 6.18 10^4 ear/ha (-6.958 %) · ST-J
- treatment 6.14 vs. control 6.18 10^4 ear/ha (-0.6472 %) · ST-O
Source · p. 5 “2018 | ST-J | 5.75 c | 528.43 b | 270.63 b | 7.47 b”
Source · p. 5 “ST-O | 6.14 b | 551.21 a | 274.89 a | 8.27 a”
Source · p. 5 “RT | 6.18 a | 477.09 c | 262.51 c | 7.25 c”
1000-grain weight
↑ 22
- increase
ST-O vs. RTsignificant · 2017 and2018 · Shandong province · ST-O only in2017; distinct letters both years
Numbers
- treatment 304.3 vs. control 302.5 g (+0.5851 %) · 2017
- treatment 274.9 vs. control 262.5 g (+4.716 %) · 2018
Source · p. 4 “ST significantly increased the number of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight of maize”
- increase
ST-J vs. RTsignificant · 2018 · Shandong province · ST-J significant in2018; 2017 shared b omitted
Numbers
- treatment 270.6 vs. control 262.5 g (+3.093 %) · 2018
Source · p. 5 “2018 | ST-J | 5.75 c | 528.43 b | 270.63 b | 7.47 b”
Source · p. 5 “RT | 6.18 a | 477.09 c | 262.51 c | 7.25 c”
Water use efficiency
↑ 22
- increase
subsoiling (ST-J and ST-O agreeing variants) vs. RTsignificant · 2017 and2018 · Shandong province · Figure4 ST-J b/ST-O a versus RT c; separate tests
Source · p. 1 “The water use efficiency (WUE) of ST-J and ST-O increased by 4.73% and 14.83%, respectively”
Source · p. 6 “Figure 4. Evapotranspiration and water use efficiency of summer maize in the 2017 and 2018 summer maize growing seasons.”
- increase
ST-O vs. ST-Jsignificant · 2017 and2018 · Shandong province · Figure4 a versus b
Source · p. 6 “WUE in both 2017 and 2018 was higher in ST-O than in ST-J”
soil three-phase structure distance (STPSD)
↓ 22
- decrease
ST-J vs. ST-Osignificant · 20–40 cm · 2017 · Shandong province · 20-40 cm; Table1 distinct letters; in2018 significant only20-30
Numbers
- treatment 6.9 vs. control 10.24 (-32.62 %) · 20–30 cm · 2017
- treatment 7.03 vs. control 8.79 (-20.02 %) · 30–40 cm · 2017
Source · p. 4 “the average STPSD 2.51% lower than that of ST-O”
- decrease
ST-J vs. ST-Osignificant · 20–30 cm · 2018 · Shandong province · 20-30 cm; Table1c versus b;30-40 shared b excluded
Numbers
- treatment 6.53 vs. control 11.36 (-42.52 %) · 20–30 cm · 2018
Source · p. 4 “the average STPSD 2.51% lower than that of ST-O”
soil compactness
1
- decrease
subsoiling (ST-J and ST-O agreeing variants) vs. RTsignificance not stated · 0–60 cm · 2017 and2018 maturity · Shandong province · 0-60 cm profile average; ST-J and ST-O, respectively; Fig2 has SE only
Source · p. 3 “Compared with RT, ST-J and ST-O reduced the compaction at the 0–60 cm soil layer by 22.72% and 22.13%, respectively, in 2017”
soil moisture
1
- increase
subsoiling (ST-J and ST-O agreeing variants) vs. RTsignificance not stated · 30–60 cm · 2017 and2018 maturity · Shandong province · 30-60 cm; no pairwise marks in Figure3
Source · p. 4 “The increase in soil water content (30–60 cm) under the three treatments in 2017 and 2018 was ranked in order as follows: ST-J > ST-O > RT.”
Grains number per ear
↑ 11
- increase
subsoiling (ST-J and ST-O agreeing variants) vs. RTsignificant · 2017 and2018 · Shandong province · both ST variants, Table2 distinct letters
Numbers
- treatment 586.3 vs. control 564.2 grain/ear (+3.917 %) · 2017 · ST-J
- treatment 618.1 vs. control 564.2 grain/ear (+9.538 %) · 2017 · ST-O
- treatment 528.4 vs. control 477.1 grain/ear (+10.76 %) · 2018 · ST-J
- treatment 551.2 vs. control 477.1 grain/ear (+15.54 %) · 2018 · ST-O
Source · p. 4 “ST significantly increased the number of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight of maize”
Evapotranspiration
↓ 11
- decrease
ST-O vs. RTsignificant · 2017 and2018 · Shandong province · Figure4 ST-O b versus RT a
Source · p. 5 “RT > ST-J > ST-O.”
Source · p. 6 “Figure 4. Evapotranspiration and water use efficiency of summer maize in the 2017 and 2018 summer maize growing seasons.”
generalized soil structure index (GSSI)
↑ 11
- increase
ST-J vs. ST-Osignificant · 20–30 cm · 2017 and2018 · Shandong province · 20-30 cm; Table1a/c2017,a/b2018; 30-40 shares a and excluded
Numbers
- treatment 95.91 vs. control 90.37 (+6.13 %) · 20–30 cm · 2017
- treatment 96.88 vs. control 91.37 (+6.03 %) · 20–30 cm · 2018
Source · p. 4 “the average GSSI of ST-J was 3.91% higher”
Set-up
Treatments
- tillage stageTillage
- RTRotary tillageST-JSubsoilingST-OSubsoilingsubsoiling (ST-J and ST-O agreeing variants)Subsoiling
Measured
- soil bulk densityBulk density
- Unit
- g/cm3
- Method
- ring knife after maize harvest
- soil compactnessPenetration resistance
- Unit
- kPa
- Method
- CP40-II penetrometer
- soil moistureWater content
- Unit
- %
- Method
- soil drilling sampling
- grain yieldYield
- Unit
- t/ha
- Ear numberEar number per area
- Unit
- 10^4 ear/ha
- Grains number per earGrains per ear
- Unit
- grain/ear
- 1000-grain weightThousand kernel weight
- Unit
- g
- Water use efficiencyWater use efficiency (WUE)
- Unit
- kg/m3
- Method
- grain yield / seasonal evapotranspiration
- Evapotranspiration
- Unit
- mm
- Method
- seasonal water balance ET=P+change in storage
- generalized soil structure index (GSSI)Soil structure index
- Method
- GSSI calculated from solid, liquid and gas phase percentages, equation1
- soil three-phase structure distance (STPSD)Soil three-phase structure distance
- Method
- distance from ideal soil three-phase proportions, equation2
Sites
Shandong province
- Location
- Shandong province, China
- Land use
- rainfed winter wheat/summer maize fieldNon-irrigated arable land
- Management on the whole site
- Winter wheat/summer maizeWheat/Triticum aestivumMaize/Corn/Zea mays
| Depth | Texture | Clay | pH | Organic C | Bulk density |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| soil (depth not stated) | loam | 18.19 % | – | – | – |
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