Soil Use and Management · 2015
Carbon and nitrogen in a <scp>F</scp> erralsol under zero‐tillage rotations based on cover, cash or hay crops
Alburquerque, M. A., Dieckow, J., Sordi, A., Piva, J. T., Bayer, C., Molin, R., Pergher, M., Ribeiro Junior, P. J.
Abstract
To identify crop rotation systems capable of sequestering C and N to 1 metre depth in a subtropical Ferralsol of Southern Brazil managed under long‐term zero‐tillage (21 yrs), we evaluated six crop sequences: wheat ( Triticum aestivum )–soybean ( Glycine max ) [W‐S], the baseline; oat ( Avena strigosa , as cover crop)–maize ( Zea mays )–wheat–soybean [O‐M‐W‐S]; vetch ( Vicia villosa , as legume cover crop)–maize–wheat–soybean [V‐M‐W‐S]; vetch–maize–oat–soybean–wheat–soybean [V‐M‐O‐S‐W‐S]; ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum , for hay)–maize–ryegrass–soybean [R‐M‐R‐S]; and alfalfa ( Medicago sativa , for hay)–maize [A‐M]. Compared to W‐S and to 1 metre, the hay‐based system of A‐M showed the largest C and N sequestration rates (0.50 and 0.06 Mg/ha/yr, respectively). Alfalfa, being a perennial legume under cut‐regrowth cycles, possibly added more C and N through roots. The other hay system, R‐M‐R‐S, also sequestered C efficiently (0.27 Mg/ha/yr), but not N (0.01 Mg/ha/yr). The legume‐based system of V‐M‐W‐S sequestered significant amounts of both C (0.29 Mg/ha/yr) and N (0.04 Mg/ha/yr). The grass‐based system of O‐M‐W‐S showed the lowest sequestration of C (0.09 Mg/ha/yr). In all systems, a positive relationship ( R 2 = 0.71) occurred between estimated addition of root C and soil C stock to 1 metre. Whenever C and N sequestration occurred, more than half of that occurred below 20 cm depth. Results suggest that adoption of legume‐based systems, perennially as A‐M or annually as V‐M‐W‐S, is efficient for C and N sequestration in subtropical zero‐tillage soils and that roots possibly contribute more to that sequestration than aboveground biomass.
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To identify crop rotation systems capable of sequestering C and N to 1 metre depth in a subtropical Ferralsol of Southern Brazil managed under long‐term zero‐tillage (21 yrs), we evaluated six crop sequences: wheat ( Triticum aestivum )–soybean ( Glycine max ) [W‐S], the baseline; oat ( Avena strigosa , as cover crop)–maize ( Zea mays )–wheat–soybean [O‐M‐W‐S]; vetch ( Vicia villosa , as legume cover crop)–maize–wheat–soybean [V‐M‐W‐S]; vetch–maize–oat–soybean–wheat–soybean [V‐M‐O‐S‐W‐S]; ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum , for hay)–maize–ryegrass–soybean [R‐M‐R‐S]; and alfalfa ( Medicago sativa , for hay)–maize [A‐M]. Compared to W‐S and to 1 metre, the hay‐based system of A‐M showed the largest C and N sequestration rates (0.50 and 0.06 Mg/ha/yr, respectively). Alfalfa, being a perennial legume under cut‐regrowth cycles, possibly added more C and N through roots. The other hay system, R‐M‐R‐S, also sequestered C efficiently (0.27 Mg/ha/yr), but not N (0.01 Mg/ha/yr). The legume‐based system of V‐M‐W‐S sequestered significant amounts of both C (0.29 Mg/ha/yr) and N (0.04 Mg/ha/yr). The grass‐based system of O‐M‐W‐S showed the lowest sequestration of C (0.09 Mg/ha/yr). In all systems, a positive relationship ( R 2 = 0.71) occurred between estimated addition of root C and soil C stock to 1 metre. Whenever C and N sequestration occurred, more than half of that occurred below 20 cm depth. Results suggest that adoption of legume‐based systems, perennially as A‐M or annually as V‐M‐W‐S, is efficient for C and N sequestration in subtropical zero‐tillage soils and that roots possibly contribute more to that sequestration than aboveground biomass.
To identify crop rotation systems capable of sequestering C and N to 1 metre depth in a subtropical Ferralsol of Southern Brazil managed under long‐term zero‐tillage (21 yrs), we evaluated six crop sequences: wheat ( Triticum aestivum )–soybean ( Glycine max ) [W‐S], the baseline; oat ( Avena strigosa , as cover crop)–maize ( Zea mays )–wheat–soybean [O‐M‐W‐S]; vetch ( Vicia villosa , as legume cover crop)–maize–wheat–soybean [V‐M‐W‐S]; vetch–maize–oat–soybean–wheat–soybean [V‐M‐O‐S‐W‐S]; ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum , for hay)–maize–ryegrass–soybean [R‐M‐R‐S]; and alfalfa ( Medicago sativa , for hay)–maize [A‐M]. Compared to W‐S and to 1 metre, the hay‐based system of A‐M showed the largest C and N sequestration rates (0.50 and 0.06 Mg/ha/yr, respectively). Alfalfa, being a perennial legume under cut‐regrowth cycles, possibly added more C and N through roots. The other hay system, R‐M‐R‐S, also sequestered C efficiently (0.27 Mg/ha/yr), but not N (0.01 Mg/ha/yr). The legume‐based system of V‐M‐W‐S sequestered significant amounts of both C (0.29 Mg/ha/yr) and N (0.04 Mg/ha/yr). The grass‐based system of O‐M‐W‐S showed the lowest sequestration of C (0.09 Mg/ha/yr). In all systems, a positive relationship ( R 2 = 0.71) occurred between estimated addition of root C and soil C stock to 1 metre. Whenever C and N sequestration occurred, more than half of that occurred below 20 cm depth. Results suggest that adoption of legume‐based systems, perennially as A‐M or annually as V‐M‐W‐S, is efficient for C and N sequestration in subtropical zero‐tillage soils and that roots possibly contribute more to that sequestration than aboveground biomass.
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