Long-Term Evidence Shows that Crop-Rotation Diversification Increases Agricultural Resilience to Adverse Growing Conditions in North America

more diverse rotations vs. simple rotationssignificant · 16–58 years of data, 347 site-years · 11 long-term rain-fed experiments in the US and Canada · Overall positive experimental yield response at9/11 sites; CO and SD show no credible average increase. Benefits during most stressful conditions at7/11 sites; putative drought yield increases except MN/MD (Fig2Bns). Statistical regression estimates of measured field yields; no simulated crop yields recorded. Favorable-condition benefits included; no separate climate moderator finding.