Management › Fertilization › Type of fertilizer → Properties › Biology › Diversity

Manure → Shannon index

A clear tendency, not consistent

50 %

of 10 studies with a clear result report a significant increase

+4 %

typical change (4 studies with numbers)

studies · 13 findings

Count each study by

11 studies · 13 findings

What the studies show

5 of 10 studies report a significant increase (50 %, 95 % confidence interval 24–76 %).

By the direction of each study’s results, significant or not: 5 of 7 studies with a direction point up (71 %, 95 % confidence interval 36–92 %; sign test p = 0.453).

↑ 5 increase
↓ 1 decrease
⇅ 1 both
= 3 no effect
? 1 unclear

How large: typically +4 % (middle half -4 % to +7 %), from 4 studies with numbers
Basis: 11 studies, 13 findings; 0 entered by hand, 11 read by the library

Every study counts once, however many findings it reports: one with 40 sampling dates does not outvote ten others. A study with a significant increase and decrease (say at different depths) counts as "both". A first synthesis for orientation, not a substitute for a systematic review.

Where the studies are

goes up
stays the same
goes down
both ways

Through the soil profile

Each layer on its own: a study that reports the topsoil and the subsoil counts in both. Choose a layer to see what goes with it.

goes up
stays the same
goes down
both ways

What makes a difference

The conditions whose levels differ most clearly, each with the outcome that differs most between its levels of at least 10 study layers. Choose a layer in the profile to see them for that layer alone, or a level here to filter by it.

Testing every condition on every study layer…

Along the conditions

Testing every condition on every study layer…